Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Consensus on acromegaly complications: an update.

Pituitary·2026
Same author

Long-term safety and efficacy of pegvisomant monotherapy for acromegaly: final data from the full ACROSTUDY cohort.

Pituitary·2026
Same author

Acromegaly and clinical manifestations.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same author

New molecular markers of response to medical therapy in acromegaly.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same author

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly somatrogon in adults with growth hormone deficiency: a randomized phase 3 study.

Pituitary·2026
Same author

Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders.

Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
10:52

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

Subclinical hypopituitarism.

Eva Fernandez-Rodriguez1, Ignacio Bernabeu, Paula Andujar-Plata

  • 1Endocrinology Division, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n. 15706 Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
|August 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subclinical hypopituitarism, a mild hormone deficiency, is poorly understood. Further research is needed to define its diagnosis, clinical impact, and treatment benefits.

More Related Videos

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice
10:38

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Published on: December 17, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
10:52

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice
10:38

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Published on: December 17, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Subclinical hypopituitarism represents an intermediate state between normal pituitary function and overt hypopituitarism.
  • This condition is often unrecognized in clinical practice, lacking clear diagnostic criteria and established long-term consequences.
  • The clinical impairment, morbidity, and mortality associated with subclinical hypopituitarism remain poorly defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on the prevalence, clinical features, and diagnostic methods for subclinical hypopituitarism.
  • To highlight the need for further research to establish diagnostic cutoffs and understand long-term outcomes.
  • To explore the potential benefits of hormone replacement therapy in identified cases.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing literature on subclinical hypopituitarism.
  • It focuses on studies addressing prevalence, clinical presentation, and diagnostic approaches.
  • Evidence regarding long-term consequences and therapeutic interventions is also considered.

Main Results:

  • Subclinical hypopituitarism is an underdiagnosed entity with unclear clinical significance.
  • Current diagnostic methods and thresholds for defining this condition are not well-established.
  • The long-term health implications and optimal management strategies require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Subclinical hypopituitarism requires precise definition and diagnostic standardization.
  • Controlled studies are essential to elucidate its clinical impact and the role of hormone replacement therapy.
  • Accurate identification and management are crucial for potentially mitigating long-term morbidity and mortality.