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Acromegaly and clinical manifestations.
Rocío Villar-Taibo1, Eva Fernández-Rodríguez2, Ignacio Bernabéu1
1Endocrinology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation Group IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela), Spain.
Vitamins and Hormones
|March 30, 2026
Summary
Acromegaly, caused by excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), leads to multisystem complications affecting bones, skin, heart, and metabolism. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care are vital for managing this chronic condition.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Internal Medicine
- Genetics
Background:
- Acromegaly is a chronic disorder from excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).
- It causes significant multisystem complications impacting morbidity and mortality.
- These include skeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, and gastrointestinal issues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of acromegaly's systemic manifestations.
- To highlight the impact of comorbidities on patient outcomes.
- To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on acromegaly.
- Analysis of clinical data regarding systemic complications.
- Synthesis of information on current treatment modalities and outcomes.
Main Results:
- Acromegaly presents with diverse complications: musculoskeletal, cutaneous, cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and neuropsychiatric.
- These complications significantly contribute to long-term disability and reduced quality of life.
- Despite treatment advances, residual morbidity and irreversible sequelae are common.
Conclusions:
- Acromegaly requires a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management.
- Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for mitigating complications and improving survival.
- Addressing comorbidities is essential for enhancing patient quality of life and long-term outcomes.
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