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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
10:03

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Published on: June 27, 2025

Right ventricular pulmonary hypertension.

Marco Guazzi1, Serenella Castelvecchio, Francesco Bandera

  • 1Heart Failure Unit, I.R.C.C.S., Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. marco.guazzi@unimi.it

Current Heart Failure Reports
|August 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction are serious signs in heart failure (HF). These conditions are common even in early HF stages and aging, yet current guidelines lack clear treatment strategies.

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Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
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Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat

Published on: November 18, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
10:03

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Published on: June 27, 2025

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
08:34

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat

Published on: November 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction are critical indicators of poor prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients.
  • Traditionally, focus has been on advanced HF stages, but PH is prevalent even in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and normal aging.
  • Existing heart failure guidelines offer limited direction for managing left-sided PH and its impact on RV function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in heart failure (HF) across different patient groups.
  • To underscore the prognostic implications of PH in HFpEF and the aging population.
  • To identify the need for improved therapeutic strategies targeting pulmonary vasculature and RV remodeling in HF.

Main Methods:

  • Review of community- and population-based studies.
  • Analysis of current heart failure guidelines regarding PH and RV function.
  • Examination of pathophysiological links between left-sided pressures and RV consequences.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is frequently observed in heart failure (HF) patients, including those with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
  • PH carries significant prognostic implications in HFpEF and the general aging population.
  • Current HF guidelines lack definitive recommendations for preventing or treating left-sided PH and its RV sequelae.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and associated right ventricular (RV) dysfunction are significant, often overlooked, complications in heart failure (HF).
  • There is a critical need for evidence-based preventive and curative strategies for PH and RV dysfunction in HF, particularly in HFpEF.
  • Future research should focus on novel therapeutic targets for pulmonary vascular and RV remodeling to improve outcomes in heart failure.