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Secondary headaches
1Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. mark.green@mssm.edu
Insights
Headaches with a secondary cause can mimic primary headaches. Consider secondary causes in patients with existing headache disorders experiencing increased frequency and severity of attacks.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Headaches are a common neurological symptom with diverse etiologies.
- Distinguishing primary headaches from those secondary to serious underlying conditions is critical for appropriate patient management.
Observation:
- Giant cell arteritis can recur even after treatment.
- Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is an underdiagnosed cause of headache.
Findings:
- Patients with primary headache disorders are prone to developing secondary headaches.
- Secondary headaches may present with symptoms similar to the patient's primary headache disorder.
Implications:
- A high index of suspicion for secondary causes is warranted in patients with pre-existing headache disorders.
- Increased headache frequency or severity necessitates evaluation for secondary causes to exclude serious underlying pathology.
Purpose Of Review:
This article identifies the pertinent historical issues that lead to the identification of those headaches needing additional testing to exclude a serious underlying cause.
Recent Findings:
Recurrences of giant cell arteritis, even after presumed successful treatment, are common. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is an often unrecognized cause of headache.
Summary:
Patients with a primary headache disorder are more susceptible to the development of headache when a secondary cause occurs. Their headaches may be phenotypically similar to their primary headache disorder. Therefore, a secondary cause should be considered in patients with preexisting headache disorders who develop a significant increase in the number and severity of those attacks.
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