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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...

The Thoracic Cage: Sternum

The Thoracic Cage: Sternum

The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
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Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

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Pericarditis I: Introduction

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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

Published on: January 5, 2015

Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis: a review.

Matthew B Carroll

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease

|August 8, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis (SCCH) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the sternoclavicular joint. Increased awareness is crucial to prevent delayed diagnosis and irreversible physical and psychological impairments.

Keywords:

SAPHO syndrome anterior chest wall sternoclavicular joint sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

Published on: January 5, 2015

Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Dermatology
Radiology

Background:

Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis (SCCH) is a chronic inflammatory disorder impacting the sternoclavicular joint.
Associated symptoms include skin lesions like acne or palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) in about half of patients.
The condition involves sterile osteomyelitis and can lead to extrasternal joint disease in a quarter of patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment of SCCH.
To emphasize the need for increased awareness to improve diagnosis and patient outcomes.
To discuss the long-term consequences of delayed diagnosis and untreated inflammation.

Main Methods:

Diagnosis is confirmed radiographically via CT showing sternal hyperostosis and sclerosis.
Bone scintigraphy may reveal a characteristic 'bullhead' sign.
Histopathology demonstrates sterile osteomyelitis of the sternum and medial clavicle.

Main Results:

SCCH presents with erythema, swelling, and pain, often with exacerbations and remissions over years.
Radiographic findings include hyperostosis and sclerosis on CT, and the 'bullhead' sign on bone scintigraphy.
Intravenous bisphosphonates and TNF-alpha inhibitors show potential therapeutic roles.

Conclusions:

Low awareness of SCCH frequently causes diagnostic delays, leading to significant morbidity and psychological burden.
Untreated SCCH results in restricted mobility and secondary degenerative joint changes.
Enhanced medical awareness is essential to prevent irreversible physical and psychological impairments in SCCH patients.