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Related Concept Videos

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...

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Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection
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Visualisation in imaging mass spectrometry using the minimum noise fraction transform.

Glenn Stone1, David Clifford, Johan O R Gustafsson

  • 1School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. g.stone@uws.edu.au

BMC Research Notes
|August 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transform effectively extracts spatial biochemical information from large Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) datasets. This new method offers a valuable alternative for data reduction and analysis in IMS imaging.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection
09:49

Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection

Published on: November 18, 2022

Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
06:21

Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 12, 2013

Preparation of Homogeneous MALDI Samples for Quantitative Applications
08:01

Preparation of Homogeneous MALDI Samples for Quantitative Applications

Published on: October 28, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Data Analysis
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) enables spatial mapping of biochemical features on tissue sections.
  • Large IMS datasets present significant visualization and analysis challenges.
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a common but limited data reduction technique for IMS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate the Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transform as a novel data reduction technique for IMS.
  • To assess the MNF transform's ability to extract meaningful spatial information from complex IMS data.

Main Methods:

  • Application of the Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transform to Imaging Mass Spectrometry data.
  • Implementation of the MNF transform via a publicly available R-package.

Main Results:

  • The MNF transform successfully extracted spatially coherent information from IMS datasets.
  • The R-package for MNF transform is available with example data for replication and further use.

Conclusions:

  • The MNF transform identified additional images of interest not readily apparent with other methods.
  • The information extracted by MNF provides a robust foundation for subsequent advanced analyses of IMS data.