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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity
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Published on: October 8, 2018

FTO levels affect RNA modification and the transcriptome.

Tea Berulava1, Matthias Ziehe, Ludger Klein-Hitpass

  • 1Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany.

European Journal of Human Genetics : EJHG
|August 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene influences body weight. This study reveals FTO impacts RNA modifications and gene expression, offering new insights into obesity mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the FTO gene are linked to body weight variations.
  • The FTO gene encodes a demethylase, but its precise role in obesity is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional consequences of altered FTO levels on cellular processes and gene expression.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which FTO influences body weight.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cell culture (HEK293, HeLa, MCF-7) and murine brain models.
  • Performed gene knockdown and overexpression experiments.
  • Employed immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy, and RNA modification analyses.

Main Results:

  • FTO knockdown altered expression of starvation-response genes in HEK293 cells.
  • FTO overexpression affected RNA processing and metabolism genes.
  • FTO localized to nuclear speckles, nucleoplasm, and nucleoli.
  • Loss of FTO impacted RNA modification ratios (3-methyluridine/uridine, pseudouridine/uridine) in brain RNA.

Conclusions:

  • Altered FTO levels significantly impact RNA modifications.
  • FTO plays a diverse role in regulating the transcriptome.
  • These findings provide novel insights into FTO's function in relation to body weight and RNA metabolism.