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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

Response bias in recognition memory as a cognitive trait.

Justin Kantner1, D Stephen Lindsay

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. kantner@psych.ucsb.edu

Memory & Cognition
|August 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Individual differences in memory recognition response bias show trait-like stability, suggesting a consistent predisposition to judge items as "old" or "new" across different tasks and time intervals.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research
  • Signal Detection Theory

Background:

  • Recognition memory decisions are influenced by response bias, a tendency to favor
  • old
  • or
  • new
  • responses.
  • While typically analyzed at a group level, individual differences in response bias are significant.
  • Some individuals require more memory evidence than others to confirm an item as
  • old
  • .

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether recognition response bias is a stable, trait-like characteristic.
  • To examine the stability of response bias across different study-test cycles and stimuli.
  • To explore the relationship between recognition response bias and other cognitive measures.

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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
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The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

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Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats

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Published on: June 25, 2019

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments were conducted involving recognition memory tasks.
  • Response bias was measured across two study-test cycles with varying time intervals (10 min, 1 week).
  • Stimuli were varied between study-test cycles in one experiment.
  • Relationships with general knowledge tests and false recall in the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Response bias demonstrated high correlations across recognition study-test cycles, even when separated by a week.
  • Bias stability remained significant even with different stimuli between testing phases.
  • No significant relationship was found between recognition bias and general knowledge test strategies.
  • Response bias weakly predicted false recall frequency in the DRM paradigm.

Conclusions:

  • Recognition response bias exhibits considerable trait-like stability.
  • This stability suggests an inherent predisposition influencing memory judgments, distinct from task-specific modulations.
  • The findings necessitate accounting for this stable aspect of response bias in comprehensive theories of recognition memory.