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Spatial synchrony through density-independent versus density-dependent dispersal.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Population Dynamics
  • Spatial Ecology

Background:

  • Theoretical studies suggest strong dispersal promotes spatial synchrony.
  • The role of conditional versus unconditional dispersal in spatial synchrony remains debated.
  • Recent findings indicate negative density-dependent dispersal may desynchronize populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the desynchronizing effects of negative density-dependent dispersal.
  • To compare density-independent and density-dependent dispersal strategies.
  • To determine the relative importance of dispersal strength, density dependence, and local density regulation on spatial synchrony.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized spatially explicit simulation models.
  • Compared density-independent and density-dependent dispersal while keeping net emigration rates equivalent.
  • Examined various types of intraspecific density regulation, from under-compensation to over-compensation.

Main Results:

  • Density-independent dispersal showed a slightly higher, but small and sensitive, synchronizing potential compared to density-dependent dispersal.
  • The type of local density regulation had a much larger influence on spatial synchrony than dispersal characteristics.
  • Consistent comparisons of conditional dispersal strategies depended on controlling for equivalent emigration rates.

Conclusions:

  • The overall strength of dispersal is more critical for achieving spatial synchrony than its density dependence.
  • The mode of intraspecific density regulation is the most significant factor influencing spatial synchrony.