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Beyond Co-Occurrence: Multi-Scale Evidence for Segregation-Dominated Plant Networks in the French Alps.

Matthias Rohr1, Alexandre Wendling2, Tamara Münkemüller1

  • 1Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France.

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|May 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Plant communities assemble through segregation around dominant, stress-tolerant species, not random co-occurrence. Soil conditions, like acidity and nitrogen, significantly influence these plant spatial distributions.

Keywords:
community ecologyenvironmental gradientfunctional traitsmountain ecosystemsspatial patterns

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Plant Community Ecology
  • Biogeography

Background:

  • Understanding plant species' spatial distribution is crucial for predicting community responses to global environmental changes.
  • Advanced statistical methods and high-resolution sampling allow for detailed analysis of species interactions and community assembly.
  • Previous research has focused on various factors influencing plant distribution, but the precise mechanisms of local association remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the drivers of local species associations and spatial distribution patterns in plant communities.
  • To identify the core species and network structure within a regional plant community.
  • To determine the relative importance of environmental factors versus species interactions in shaping plant communities.

Main Methods:

  • Applied high-resolution, multi-scale sampling to approximately 800 plant species in the French Alps.
  • Utilized novel statistical frameworks to identify local species aggregations and segregations.
  • Constructed a regional plant association network based on identified local co-occurrences.

Main Results:

  • Local species associations were found to be primarily dependent on soil acidity and nitrogen levels, not climate.
  • A centralized core of dominant, stress-tolerant graminoids and shrubs was identified in the regional network.
  • These core species exhibited high leaf dry matter content but lacked unique functional roles.

Conclusions:

  • Plant community assembly is driven by segregation around a few dominant, stress-tolerant species rather than random co-occurrence.
  • Soil conditions play a critical role in modulating local plant associations and community structure.
  • The findings challenge assumptions about random processes in community assembly and highlight the importance of specific environmental filters.