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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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Published on: August 25, 2023

Neighborhood Effects in Temporal Perspective.

Geoffrey T Wodtke1, David J Harding, Felix Elwert

  • 1University of Michigan.

American Sociological Review
|August 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sustained exposure to disadvantaged neighborhoods significantly lowers high school graduation rates. This study highlights the long-term impact of neighborhood disadvantage on educational outcomes for all children.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Public Health
  • Economics

Background:

  • Neighborhood effects are theoretically influenced by past and present residential locations.
  • Previous research often overlooks the duration of residence, underestimating the impact of long-term neighborhood disadvantage.
  • Understanding the cumulative effects of neighborhood context is crucial for educational attainment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of duration of exposure to disadvantaged neighborhoods on high school graduation.
  • To quantify the long-term effects of neighborhood disadvantage, accounting for length of residence.
  • To apply advanced causal inference methods to a time-varying treatment scenario.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 4,154 children using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID).
  • Annual measurement of neighborhood context from age 1 to 17.
  • Adaptation of causal inference methods for time-varying treatments to address dynamic neighborhood selection.

Main Results:

  • Sustained exposure to disadvantaged neighborhoods has a substantial negative effect on high school graduation.
  • The impact of long-term neighborhood disadvantage is more significant than previously reported.
  • For Black children, growing up in the most disadvantaged quintile reduced graduation probability from 96% to 76%; for non-Black children, it reduced from 95% to 87%.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term neighborhood disadvantage significantly hinders high school completion.
  • The duration of exposure to adverse neighborhood environments is a critical factor in educational disparities.
  • Policy interventions addressing neighborhood disadvantage may improve educational outcomes.