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GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RISK/PROTECTION PROFILES FOR LOW ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE.

Stephen D Whitney1, Lynette M Renner, Todd I Herrenkohl

  • 1University of Missouri.

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|August 11, 2012
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Summary

High risk and low protection factors significantly increase the likelihood of poor academic performance in children. Gender differences in protective factors, like social disapproval of antisocial behavior, were also observed.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Understanding the interplay of risk and protective factors is crucial for child development.
  • Holistic-interactionistic theory posits that multiple factors interact to influence developmental outcomes.
  • Previous research often examines risk and protective factors in isolation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the simultaneous nature of risk and protective factors in males and females aged 6-11.
  • To investigate how combined risk/protection profiles predict academic performance.
  • To identify gender-specific protective factors influencing academic outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify distinct risk/protection classes.
  • Multiple risk variables (e.g., physical child abuse) and protective variables (e.g., extracurricular activities) were analyzed.
  • These classes were then used to predict low academic performance.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with high risk and low protection were significantly more likely to have low academic performance.
  • A protective factor involving parental/peer disapproval of antisocial behavior was significant for females but not males.
  • Findings support the holistic-interactionistic theory by demonstrating combined influences of risk and protection.

Conclusions:

  • Examining risk and protective factors in combination is essential for understanding academic underperformance.
  • Gender-specific protective factors play a role in academic outcomes.
  • Interventions should consider the synergistic effects of risk and protection for vulnerable youth.