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Advancing the Use of Restorative Practices to Lessen Inequities in Punitive Discipline and Build Safe, Inclusive, and
Corrine Hays1, Ylisse Yepez2, Hurley Riley3
1School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2026
Summary
Childhood trauma and discrimination negatively impact student development and lead to harsh school discipline. Trauma-informed programs and restorative practices offer a path toward equitable, supportive learning environments.
Area of Science:
- Educational Psychology
- Child Development
- Sociology of Education
Background:
- Childhood trauma, including adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and racial discrimination, significantly hinders students' neurological, social-emotional, and academic growth.
- School behaviors stemming from trauma are often misconstrued as misconduct, leading to exclusionary discipline that exacerbates inequities and the school-to-prison pipeline, particularly for students of color.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize research on the links between trauma, learning, and school discipline.
- To highlight the Trauma-Informed Programs and Practices for Schools (TIPPS) framework as a systemic approach to creating safe and inclusive educational settings.
- To advocate for restorative practices as a crucial component of trauma-informed, equity-driven school reform.
Main Methods:
- Literature synthesis examining the impact of trauma on student behavior and school disciplinary responses.
- Exploration of the TIPPS framework as a model for systemic change.
- Analysis of restorative practices within the TIPPS framework for promoting positive school climates.
Main Results:
- Trauma-related student behaviors are frequently met with punitive measures that do not address underlying needs.
- The TIPPS framework provides a comprehensive model for implementing trauma-informed practices at a systems level.
- Restorative practices effectively reduce punitive discipline, foster accountability, build relationships, and strengthen community.
Conclusions:
- Schools must shift from punitive discipline to trauma-informed approaches that address students' needs.
- Implementing the TIPPS framework, with an emphasis on restorative practices, is essential for creating equitable and supportive learning environments.
- Practitioners can actively engage in restorative practices to drive systemic change towards trauma-informed, equity-focused education.
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