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10:07
Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education
Published on: June 21, 2010
Learning flow in nursing education: Development and psychometric validation of a multidimensional scale
Wachiraporn Chotipanut1, Charin Suwanwong1, Narulmon Prayai1
1Behavioral Science Research Institute, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Nurse Education in Practice
|August 14, 2026
Summary
A new 23-item Learning Flow Scale was developed and validated for Thai nursing students. This reliable tool measures learning flow, aiding educators in enhancing student engagement and learning experiences.
Area of Science:
- Educational Psychology
- Nursing Education Research
- Psychometric Instrument Development
Background:
- Learning flow is crucial for deep engagement and skill development in nursing education.
- Limited standardized tools exist to assess learning flow in Thai nursing students.
- Developing a specific scale is essential for understanding and improving learning experiences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate the Learning Flow Scale (LFS) tailored for Thai nursing students.
- To provide a psychometrically sound instrument for measuring learning flow.
- To support the enhancement of nursing education strategies.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive cross-sectional design was used with 471 undergraduate nursing students.
- Scale items were developed using literature, qualitative insights, and flow theory.
- Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were employed for validation.
Main Results:
- A 23-item scale with a four-factor structure was identified: Goal-Activity Alignment, Real-Time Reflective Clarity, Autonomous Learning Experience, and Deep Concentration and Immersion.
- The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.958).
- Reliability coefficients for subscales ranged from 0.802 to 0.926, with CFA confirming model adequacy.
Conclusions:
- The Learning Flow Scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing learning flow in Thai nursing students.
- The scale can help educators identify student engagement patterns.
- It supports the design of pedagogical strategies for more effective learning.
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