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General Transcription Factors

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

Transcription Factors

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

Master Transcription Regulators

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

ADAM10 regulates transcription factor expression required for plasma cell function.

Natalia S Chaimowitz¹, Dae-Joong Kang, Lee M Dean

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America.

|August 11, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) is crucial for B cell terminal differentiation. Deleting ADAM10 in B cells impairs antibody responses by affecting plasma cell transcription factors.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

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Retroviral Infection of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Embryoid Body Cells for Analysis of Hematopoietic Differentiation

Retroviral Infection of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Embryoid Body Cells for Analysis of Hematopoietic Differentiation

Published on: October 20, 2014

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) regulates cellular processes by cleaving transmembrane proteins.
Previous studies showed B cell-specific ADAM10 deletion alters lymphoid architecture and germinal center formation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of ADAM10 in B cell terminal differentiation after germinal center formation.
To determine the impact of ADAM10 deletion on antibody production and plasma cell function.

Main Methods:

Generated ADAM10-deficient mice (ADAM10(Δ/Δ)IgG1-cre(+/-)) with deletion post-class switch recombination.
Analyzed B cell populations, germinal center formation, and antibody responses.
Assessed transcription factor expression (Prdm1, Xbp1, Irf4, Bcl6) in plasma cells.

Main Results:

ADAM10 deletion in B cells impaired antibody responses despite normal germinal center formation.
Plasma cell numbers were unchanged, but PCs showed reduced expression of Prdm1, Xbp1, and Irf4.
Increased Bcl6 expression (mRNA and protein) was observed in PCs lacking ADAM10.

Conclusions:

ADAM10 is essential for the proper transcriptional regulation of plasma cell differentiation and function.
ADAM10 influences post-germinal center B cell fate, impacting antibody production.
Dysregulated transcription factor expression in plasma cells lacking ADAM10 underlies impaired immune responses.