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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Inducing Polyp Bail-out in Coral Colonies to Obtain Individualized Micropropagates for Laboratory Experimental Use
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Immunity through early development of coral larvae.

C V Palmer1, E Graham, A H Baird

  • 1School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia. carolinepalmer28@googlemail.com

Developmental and Comparative Immunology
|August 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Coral larvae possess immune defenses, with melanin-synthesis pathways showing distinct roles during development. These findings suggest corals can resist infection from their earliest life stages.

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Published on: September 5, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Immunology
  • Coral Reef Ecology

Background:

  • Coral larvae dispersal and recruitment are crucial for reef survival.
  • The presence and function of immune defenses in coral larvae remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding larval immunity is vital for coral resilience in changing oceans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and variation of immune responses in Acropora tenuis larvae.
  • To examine the roles of melanin-synthesis pathways and fluorescent proteins during larval development.
  • To determine if coral larvae possess innate immune defenses against pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified enzymes indicative of tyrosinase and laccase-type melanin-synthesis.
  • Measured concentrations of three coral fluorescent proteins across six developmental stages.
  • Assessed changes in these parameters following exposure to crustose coralline algae (CCA) and Symbiodinium.

Main Results:

  • Both melanin-synthesis pathways and fluorescent proteins were present throughout larval development.
  • Laccase-type activity and red fluorescence increased after exposure to CCA (settlement cue).
  • Tyrosinase-type activity and cyan fluorescence increased post-settlement, suggesting a cytotoxic defense role.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of immune responses in coral larvae.
  • Melanin-synthesis pathways appear to have distinct roles, with tyrosinase-type activity linked to defense.
  • Coral larvae exhibit potential for resisting infection from their earliest life stages.