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Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
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Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
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Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug binding...

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Updated: May 19, 2026

Method of Direct Segmental Intra-hepatic Delivery Using a Rat Liver Hilar Clamp Model
09:22

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Published on: April 2, 2017

Variation in postmortem liver sampling: implications for postmortem toxicology interpretation.

Stephen R Morley1, Jennifer Bolton

  • 1Department of Toxicology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK. stephen.Morley@sth.nhs.uk

Journal of Clinical Pathology
|August 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most pathologists do not follow liver sampling guidelines for toxicological analysis. Deep liver sampling, particularly from the right lobe, is recommended but rarely practiced, potentially impacting results interpretation.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic pathology
  • Toxicology
  • Postmortem examination

Background:

  • Accurate postmortem liver sampling is crucial for toxicological analysis.
  • Published guidelines recommend sampling from deep within the right lobe of the liver.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate current practices in postmortem liver sampling for toxicology.
  • To compare these practices against established guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • A questionnaire was distributed to pathologists supplying liver samples to a toxicology laboratory.
  • Pathologists' sampling practices were audited against published standards.

Main Results:

  • 30 out of 39 pathologists responded to the questionnaire.
  • 15/30 sampled deep within the liver, but only 7/30 sampled from the recommended deep right lobe area.

Conclusions:

  • Published liver sampling guidelines are not widely known or followed by pathologists.
  • Non-adherence may lead to misinterpretation of toxicological results if sample origin is unknown.