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Updated: May 19, 2026

Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback as a Rehabilitation Tool for Patients with Global Brachial Plexus Injury Receiving Bionic Reconstruction
Published on: September 28, 2019
[Pathophysiology and treatment of ARMD]
O Musat1, Uliana Ochinciuc, Tatiana Gutu
1Spitalul Clinic Universitar de Urgenta Militar Central Carol Davila.
Purpose:
A review regarding the pathophysiology of AMD as shown in the literature
Results:
Targets in AMD treatment include: 1. Protection against oxidative stress; 2. Prevention of the accumulation of lipofuscin; 3. Reduction or elimination of chronic inflammation; 4. Changes involving the participation of complement inflammatory phenomena; 5. Changes in the phenomena of chronic inflammation which do not involve the participation of complement (eg. Mitochondria and extracellular matrix). The Neovascularization process includes: 1. Production of angiogenic factor; 2. Release of angiogenic factor; 3. The binding of factors to extracellular receptors and activation of intracellular signaling; 4. Activation of endothelial cells with basement membrane degradation; 5. Endothelial cell proliferation; 6. Endothelial cell migration; 7. Remodeling of extracellular matrix; 8. Tube formation; 9. Vascular stabilization.
Conclusions:
Therapy inAMD, based on physiological characteristics of early and late stages, is possible nowadays. It is possible to apply a specific treatment for each stage of AMD, but effective treatment requires combinations of specific therapeutic remedies involving different pathophysiological pathways.
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