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Molecular and Ionic Solids

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Ionic Association

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.

Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...

Ideal Solutions or Mixtures

Ideal Solutions or Mixtures

From a molecular perspective, an ideal solution is one in which the intermolecular interactions between unlike molecules are, on average, the same as those between like molecules. This is the case for ideal gas mixtures, where the molecules are far apart and do not interact with each other. However, for condensed phases like liquids or solids, the molecules are close together and interact with each other. In an ideal solution, the molecules of different species are so similar to each other that...

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Mixtures of ionic liquids.

Heiko Niedermeyer¹, Jason P Hallett, Ignacio J Villar-Garcia

¹Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, UK.

Chemical Society Reviews

|August 15, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic liquid mixtures offer enhanced synthetic flexibility by combining different ionic liquids. This review explores their property changes and potential applications.

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Area of Science:

Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Ionic liquids are recognized as designer solvents due to tunable cation and anion properties.
Mixing ionic liquids further expands their design flexibility and potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the literature on ionic liquid mixtures.
To identify how mixing ionic liquids affects their properties.
To explore the potential applications of ionic liquid mixtures.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing studies on ionic liquid mixtures.

Main Results:

Mixing ionic liquids allows for independent variation of properties.
Specific examples of property changes in mixtures are discussed.
Potential applications are identified based on reviewed literature.

Conclusions:

Ionic liquid mixtures represent a powerful tool for developing novel solvent systems.
Further research into specific mixture properties and applications is warranted.