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When predictions take control: the effect of task predictions on task switching performance.

Wout Duthoo1, Wouter De Baene, Peter Wühr

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium.

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Predictions significantly impact flexible behavior control. Expecting task repetition less often reduces task switching costs, highlighting the role of predictive processing in cognitive flexibility.

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expectancy biaspredictionproactive cognitive controlswitch costtask switching

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral science

Background:

  • Flexible control of behavior is crucial for adapting to changing environments.
  • Task switching paradigms are widely used to study cognitive flexibility.
  • Self-generated predictions are hypothesized to play a role in behavioral control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of self-generated predictions in the flexible control of behavior.
  • To examine how varying switch rates influence task switching performance and prediction accuracy.
  • To determine the relationship between prediction expectancy and task switching costs.

Main Methods:

  • A task switching experiment was conducted with three switch rate conditions (30%, 50%, 70%).
  • Participants were asked to predict the upcoming task.
  • Target color determined the required task, irrespective of participant predictions.

Main Results:

  • Switch cost decreased as switch rate increased, consistent with prior research.
  • A task repetition bias was observed across all conditions.
  • Switch cost was significantly reduced when task alternation was expected compared to unexpected alternations.

Conclusions:

  • The reduction in switch cost with increasing switch probability is attributed to diminished expectancy of task repetition.
  • Self-generated predictions, particularly task repetition expectancy, are crucial for context-sensitive adjustments in task switching.
  • This study underscores the importance of predictive mechanisms in flexible behavioral control.