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Related Concept Videos

Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, high molecular...
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

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Related Experiment Video

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Towards recyclable NAD(P)H regeneration catalysts.

Miriam de Torres1, Jonas Dimroth, Isabel W C E Arends

  • 1Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009, Spain.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A new rhodium catalyst, Rh(III)-TsDPEN, shows promise for regenerating oxidoreductase cofactors like NAD(P)H. While facing diffusion challenges, this recyclable catalyst offers a potential solution for cost and compatibility issues in chemoenzymatic catalysis.

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Area of Science:

  • * Catalysis and Chemical Engineering
  • * Biotechnology and Biochemistry

Background:

  • * Oxidoreductase enzymes rely on nicotinamide cofactors, such as NAD(P)H, for their biological activity.
  • * Regenerating these expensive cofactors is crucial for the economic viability of biocatalytic processes.
  • * Current cofactor regeneration methods face challenges including catalyst cost and potential incompatibility with certain enzymes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To evaluate Rh(III)-TsDPEN, an immobilized rhodium catalyst, as a recyclable system for NAD(P)H regeneration.
  • * To investigate the catalytic properties and reusability of the heterogeneous Rh(III)-TsDPEN catalyst.
  • * To explore the potential of this chemoenzymatic approach in overcoming limitations of existing regeneration strategies.

Main Methods:

  • * Immobilization of a rhodium catalyst analog, Rh(III)-TsDPEN.
  • * Testing the catalyst's efficacy in regenerating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H].
  • * Assessing catalyst recyclability and identifying performance limitations, such as diffusion effects.

Main Results:

  • * Demonstrated the repeated use and initial catalytic properties of the immobilized Rh(III)-TsDPEN catalyst.
  • * Identified significant diffusion limitations affecting the catalyst's performance.
  • * Established the feasibility of using Rh(III)-TsDPEN for cofactor regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • * Rh(III)-TsDPEN presents a promising heterogeneous catalyst for NAD(P)H regeneration.
  • * Addressing diffusion limitations is key for optimizing this catalytic system.
  • * The proposed chemoenzymatic redox catalysis concept offers a potential route to reduce costs and improve Rh compatibility in biocatalysis.