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Bullying02:04

Bullying

A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is bullying.

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Physical activity during school recess: a systematic review.

Nicola D Ridgers1, Jo Salmon, Anne-Maree Parrish

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Enhancing school recess physical activity requires facility access, equipment, and encouragement. Boys tend to be more active than girls during recess, highlighting a need for targeted interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric physical activity research
  • School health promotion
  • Behavioral science in youth

Background:

  • Growing interest in understanding physical activity levels of young people during school recess.
  • Identifying correlates of recess physical activity is crucial for developing effective school-based programs.
  • Previous research has explored various factors influencing children's and adolescents' activity during recess.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and categorize correlates of physical activity during school recess.
  • To identify factors at different levels of the social-ecological framework that influence recess physical activity.
  • To synthesize evidence on interventions that may increase physical activity during school breaks.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across six databases, reference lists, and personal archives.
  • Inclusion criteria applied to studies published between January 1990 and April 2011.
  • Data analysis conducted in 2011, categorizing correlates using the social-ecological framework.

Main Results:

  • 53 studies were included, with 47 focusing on children; 44 variables identified across the social-ecological framework.
  • Positive associations found between facility provision, unfixed equipment, and perceived encouragement with recess physical activity.
  • Boys were observed to be more physically active than girls during recess periods.

Conclusions:

  • Increased physical activity during recess can be promoted by providing access to school facilities and unfixed equipment.
  • Strategies focusing on encouragement are vital for increasing physical activity levels in youth during recess.
  • Findings can inform the development of targeted interventions to enhance physical activity in school settings.