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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
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Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
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Description
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Updated: May 19, 2026

Isolation of Mouse Respiratory Epithelial Cells and Exposure to Experimental Cigarette Smoke at Air Liquid Interface
10:47

Isolation of Mouse Respiratory Epithelial Cells and Exposure to Experimental Cigarette Smoke at Air Liquid Interface

Published on: February 21, 2011

Microbiological components in mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke.

Lennart Larsson1, Christina Pehrson, Tenzin Dechen

  • 1Dept of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Lennart.Larsson@med.lu.se.

Tobacco Induced Diseases
|August 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Tobacco smoke contains fungal ergosterol and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mainstream smoke has higher levels of these microbial components than sidestream smoke, indicating a bioaerosol risk.

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Published on: January 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Microbiology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Tobacco smoke harbors microbiological components, including fungal ergosterol and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  • Previous research indicates the presence of these microbial substances in tobacco products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and compare ergosterol and LPS levels in tobacco and smoke from popular US cigarette brands.
  • To analyze the distribution of these biomarkers in mainstream (MS) and sidestream (SS) smoke.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of LPS 3-hydroxy fatty acids and ergosterol in tobacco and smoke from 11 US cigarette brands.
  • Inclusion of University of Kentucky reference cigarettes for comparative analysis.

Main Results:

  • Cigarette tobacco contained mean values of 10.64 pmol LPS/mg and 14.05 ng ergosterol/mg.
  • Mainstream smoke showed significantly higher percentages of ergosterol (3.65-8.23%) and LPS (10.02-20.13%) compared to sidestream smoke (0.30-0.82% ergosterol, 0.42-1.10% LPS).

Conclusions:

  • Tobacco smoke functions as a bioaerosol, carrying diverse and potentially hazardous bacterial and fungal elements.
  • The differential distribution of ergosterol and LPS in MS and SS smoke highlights varying exposure risks.