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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...
The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...

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Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
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Evolution and function of the mitotic checkpoint.

Mathijs Vleugel1, Erik Hoogendoorn, Berend Snel

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Department of Molecular Cancer Research and Cancer Genomics Centre, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Developmental Cell
|August 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The mitotic checkpoint prevents errors in cell division by ensuring proper chromosome attachment. This review highlights conserved and species-specific mechanisms of its activation and silencing.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The mitotic checkpoint is crucial for preventing aneuploidy by delaying cell division until all chromosomes are correctly attached to the spindle.
  • Fundamental principles of mitotic checkpoint activation and inactivation are largely understood but exhibit species-specific variations.
  • Understanding these variations is key to comprehending cell cycle regulation across eukaryotes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current concepts of mitotic checkpoint activation and silencing.
  • To highlight conserved and taxa-specific aspects of core mitotic checkpoint modules.
  • To provide insights into the evolution and functional diversity of the mitotic checkpoint.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current concepts in mitotic checkpoint regulation.
  • Phylogenomics analysis of checkpoint protein constituents, domains, and motifs.
  • Comparative analysis of checkpoint mechanisms across model organisms.

Main Results:

  • Identified conserved molecular principles underlying mitotic checkpoint function.
  • Highlighted significant differences in checkpoint activation and silencing mechanisms across eukaryotic taxa.
  • Detailed ancient and species-specific features of core checkpoint modules.

Conclusions:

  • The mitotic checkpoint exhibits both conserved and divergent evolutionary paths.
  • Species-specific adaptations in checkpoint components contribute to functional diversity.
  • Further research into these variations can illuminate fundamental aspects of cell division control.