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Related Concept Videos

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
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Related Experiment Video

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Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
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Do object-category selective regions in the ventral visual stream represent perceived distance information?

Elinor Amit1, Eyal Mehoudar, Yaacov Trope

  • 1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, William James Hall 1484, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States. amit@wjh.harvard.edu

Brain and Cognition
|August 21, 2012
PubMed
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The ventral visual cortex exhibits category-selective responses to scenes and objects.
  • Perceived distance (distal for scenes, proximal for objects) is an unexplored difference between these categories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if scene and object selective areas in the ventral visual cortex are sensitive to perceived distance.
  • To determine if this sensitivity is independent of category-selectivity and retinotopic location.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted using a distance illusion (Ponzo lines).
  • Brain activity in scene-selective (parahippocampal place area [PPA], transverse occipital sulcus [TOS]) and object-selective (lateral occipital [LO]) regions was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Scene-selective regions (PPA, TOS) showed a bias towards perceived distal stimuli.
  • The object-selective region (LO) demonstrated a bias towards perceived proximal stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Ventral visual cortex regions represent perceived distance information, independent of category.
  • This extends findings on the sensitivity of these regions to location information.
  • Distance information is integral to object recognition.