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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...

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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
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Optimized quantitative magnetic resonance spectroscopy for clinical routine.

Olivier Scheidegger1, Kevin Wingeier, Dan Stefan

  • 1Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, University of Berne, Switzerland.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
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PubMed
Summary

Quantitative localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qMRS) is now more accessible for clinical use. New software and protocols simplify data handling, enabling routine clinical application for brain metabolite analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Neuroimaging
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Clinical adoption of quantitative localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qMRS) is hindered by practical challenges in data handling and evaluation.
  • Existing methods lack seamless integration into routine Magnetic Resonance (MR) examinations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement a clinically feasible MR pulse sequence protocol and software enhancements for routine qMRS.
  • To streamline data transfer, visualization, reporting, and quantification for qMRS.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented a new MR pulse sequence protocol for qMRS compatible with standard MR systems.
  • Enhanced the jMRUI-v5.0 software with functionalities for DICOM data transfer, combined spectroscopy/imaging visualization, DICOM reporting, advanced water reference models, and metabolite concentration databases.
  • Acquired spectroscopic data from 55 healthy subjects (age 6-61) using 1.5T and 3T MR systems to create normal metabolite concentration databases.
  • Demonstrated the workflow with a clinical case of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor.

Main Results:

  • Established a workflow for easy and fast DICOM data transfer and network transfer of spectroscopy reports.
  • Enabled visualization of combined MR spectroscopy and imaging.
  • Integrated advanced water reference models for absolute quantification.
  • Created databases of normal metabolite concentrations in brain tissue for different age groups.
  • Successfully applied the workflow in a clinical case of a brain tumor.

Conclusions:

  • The developed MR pulse sequence protocol and jMRUI software functionalities significantly improve the clinical feasibility of qMRS.
  • These advancements facilitate the routine incorporation of qMRS and reference metabolite concentration data into daily clinical practice.
  • This work paves the way for broader clinical application of qMRS in neurological examinations.