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Related Concept Videos

Binary Fission01:20

Binary Fission

Fission is the division of a single entity into two or more parts, which regenerate into separate entities that resemble the original. Organisms in the Archaea and Bacteria domains reproduce using binary fission, in which a parent cell splits into two parts that can each grow to the size of the original parent cell. This asexual method of reproduction produces cells that are all genetically identical.
Binary Fission01:26

Binary Fission

Binary fission is the primary mode of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes, such as bacteria. It results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells. This highly efficient process ensures the rapid propagation of bacterial populations under favorable conditions and involves coordinated cellular and molecular events.DNA Replication and SeparationThe process begins with the replication of the bacterial chromosome. The circular DNA molecule unwinds at a specific origin of...
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content02:33

Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content

Cytokinesis segregates a cell’s chromosomes and organelles into its daughter cells. Organelles divide and grow prior to cell division but cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, cells must receive at least one copy of each organelle to survive. Currently, many of the details of how the organelles are distributed are not yet fully elucidated.
Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants
The cytoplasm contains various organelles, as well as salts, proteins, and water. The distribution of small...
Diversity of Protists III01:27

Diversity of Protists III

Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
Diversity of Protists I01:15

Diversity of Protists I

Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Layers of Symbiosis - Visualizing the Termite Hindgut Microbial Community
11:28

Layers of Symbiosis - Visualizing the Termite Hindgut Microbial Community

Published on: May 28, 2007

Divide and shape: an endosymbiont in action.

Kevin A Pyke1

  • 1Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK. kevin.pyke@nottingham.ac.uk

Planta
|August 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Understanding plastid division is key to endosymbiotic evolution. This study explores how proplastids, the progenitors of all plastid types, divide and manage their dynamic shapes, particularly stromules.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Organelle Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Plastid endosymbiosis required efficient plastid division mechanisms.
  • Chloroplast division models exist, but knowledge of other plastid types, like proplastids, is limited.
  • Plastids exhibit dynamic and heterogeneous morphology, especially stromules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the division mechanisms of proplastids.
  • To understand how plastid morphology, including stromules, is controlled.
  • To explore efficient division strategies for diverse plastid shapes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of plastid division in various cell types.
  • Morphological studies of plastid shape and dynamics.
  • Investigating potential regulatory mechanisms for plastid division and morphology.

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Preparing Lamellae from Vitreous Biological Samples Using a Dual-Beam Scanning Electron Microscope for Cryo-Electron Tomography
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Preparing Lamellae from Vitreous Biological Samples Using a Dual-Beam Scanning Electron Microscope for Cryo-Electron Tomography

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A Method for Obtaining Serial Ultrathin Sections of Microorganisms in Transmission Electron Microscopy
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A Method for Obtaining Serial Ultrathin Sections of Microorganisms in Transmission Electron Microscopy

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Layers of Symbiosis - Visualizing the Termite Hindgut Microbial Community
11:28

Layers of Symbiosis - Visualizing the Termite Hindgut Microbial Community

Published on: May 28, 2007

Preparing Lamellae from Vitreous Biological Samples Using a Dual-Beam Scanning Electron Microscope for Cryo-Electron Tomography
07:00

Preparing Lamellae from Vitreous Biological Samples Using a Dual-Beam Scanning Electron Microscope for Cryo-Electron Tomography

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A Method for Obtaining Serial Ultrathin Sections of Microorganisms in Transmission Electron Microscopy
09:46

A Method for Obtaining Serial Ultrathin Sections of Microorganisms in Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: January 17, 2018

Main Results:

  • Proplastid division mechanisms remain largely uncharacterized.
  • Stromules display significant morphological variability.
  • Potential factors influencing plastid shape and division are considered.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to elucidate proplastid division.
  • Understanding plastid morphology control is crucial for cell biology.
  • Efficient division strategies are essential for dynamic plastid populations.