Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview

Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview

An electrochemical gradient is a fundamental concept in biology and chemistry. It regulates the movement of ions across cell membranes. This movement is influenced by two factors:
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell. This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to the...

Protein-protein Interfaces

Protein-protein Interfaces

Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a polypeptide...

Protein-Protein Interfaces

Protein-Protein Interfaces

Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a polypeptide...

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...

Protein Folding

Protein Folding

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Maternal age at delivery and intrapartum cesarean delivery risk in a large contemporary term birth cohort.

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·2026

Same author

Disparities in Timeliness of Cancer Diagnosis Across a Multi-Site Academic Health System.

Research square·2026

Same author

Electrochemical Detection of Neuronal Injury in Cell Culture Samples: A Cost-Effective Biosensor for Neurofilament Light Sensing.

Biosensors·2026

Same author

Assessing Geographic and Temporal Variation in the Cost of the Thrifty Food Plan.

Journal of nutrition education and behavior·2026

Same author

Use of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine in people living with HIV: A prospective observational cohort study.

HIV medicine·2026

Same author

Reflex hepatitis C RNA testing in a private pathology setting.

Pathology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Light-Induced Molecular Adsorption of Proteins Using the PRIMO System for Micro-Patterning to Study Cell Responses to Extracellular Matrix Proteins

Light-Induced Molecular Adsorption of Proteins Using the PRIMO System for Micro-Patterning to Study Cell Responses to Extracellular Matrix Proteins

Published on: October 11, 2019

Versatile gradients of covalently bound proteins on microstructured substrates.

Jordi Comelles¹, Verónica Hortigüela, Josep Samitier

¹Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, C/Baldiri Reixac 11-15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. jcomelles@ibecbarcelona.eu

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|August 24, 2012

Summary

Researchers developed a simple microfluidic method to create tunable protein gradients on poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces. These stable, reproducible gradients mimic in vivo conditions for advanced cell culture platforms.

More Related Videos

A Microfluidic Device for Studying Multiple Distinct Strains

A Microfluidic Device for Studying Multiple Distinct Strains

Published on: November 9, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Light-Induced Molecular Adsorption of Proteins Using the PRIMO System for Micro-Patterning to Study Cell Responses to Extracellular Matrix Proteins

Light-Induced Molecular Adsorption of Proteins Using the PRIMO System for Micro-Patterning to Study Cell Responses to Extracellular Matrix Proteins

Published on: October 11, 2019

A Microfluidic Device for Studying Multiple Distinct Strains

A Microfluidic Device for Studying Multiple Distinct Strains

Published on: November 9, 2012

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Surface Chemistry
Cell Biology

Background:

Creating controlled biochemical microenvironments is crucial for understanding cell behavior.
Existing methods for generating protein gradients often lack tunability and reproducibility.
Topographical modifications can influence cell responses, but integrating them with biochemical cues is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an easy and tunable method for producing linear protein gradients on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
To combine topographical modification with stable, covalently bound protein gradients for advanced cell culture.
To create versatile cell culture platforms that better mimic in vivo cellular microenvironments.

Main Methods:

Utilized a microfluidic approach for precise control over protein deposition.
Employed covalent immobilization to ensure protein stability and reproducibility.
Characterized protein gradients using fluorescence microscopy and surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
Integrated topographical modifications with biochemical gradients on PMMA surfaces.

Main Results:

Achieved highly tunable linear protein gradients with a high slope (0.5 pmol·cm(-2)·mm(-1)).
Demonstrated high reproducibility and stability of the protein gradients for up to 7 days.
Validated gradient characteristics through both experimental measurements and theoretical modeling.
Successfully combined physical (topographical) and biochemical cues on a single platform.

Conclusions:

The developed microfluidic method offers a versatile and reproducible way to create tunable protein gradients.
This technique enables the creation of advanced cell culture platforms that bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo conditions.
The ability to combine topographical and biochemical cues opens new avenues for studying cell-material interactions and developing regenerative medicine strategies.