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Related Concept Videos

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology01:21

Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

Cytotoxic edema is a form of cerebral edema characterized by intracellular swelling of neurons, astrocytes, and other glial cells. It develops when the mechanisms responsible for maintaining ionic gradients across the cell membrane become impaired. Under normal physiological conditions, the sodium–potassium ATPase actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, preserving osmotic balance and enabling electrical signaling. This pump requires a continuous supply...
Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last for...

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Updated: May 19, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
14:58

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Published on: October 20, 2017

Cerebral vasospasm following tumor resection.

Naif M Alotaibi1, Giuseppe Lanzino

  • 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Neurointerventional Surgery
|August 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cerebral vasospasm following brain tumor resection is rare but serious, with high mortality. Early diagnosis and prompt management are crucial for improving outcomes in these challenging cases.

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neurology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Cerebral vasospasm is a known complication after certain neurosurgical procedures.
  • Tumor resection, particularly of sellar region tumors, may increase the risk of vasospasm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review cases of cerebral vasospasm post-tumor resection.
  • To explore the etiologies, diagnostic methods, and management strategies for this complication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of MEDLINE and PubMed databases.
  • Inclusion of relevant cross-references from retrieved articles.
  • Analysis of 40 identified cases matching inclusion criteria.

Main Results:

  • Pituitary and sellar region tumors were most frequently associated.
Keywords:
Tumor

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A Volumetric Method for Quantification of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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A Volumetric Method for Quantification of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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  • Symptomatic vasospasm developed on average 8 days post-operatively.
  • High mortality rate (30%) observed, with vascular encasement and subarachnoid blood as common factors.

    • Conclusions:

    • Cerebral vasospasm after tumor resection is a rare, high-morbidity, high-mortality event.
    • Shares clinical characteristics with vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
    • Early detection and prompt intervention are vital for patient outcomes.