Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil
06:48

Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil

Published on: July 29, 2020

Epidemiological aspects of tuberculosis in children and adolescents in Rio de Janeiro

Thaise Pereira Matos1, Afrânio Lineu Kritski, Antônio Ruffino Netto

  • 1Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. thaise.silva@ig.com.br

Jornal De Pediatria
|August 24, 2012
PubMed

Insights

This study analyzed childhood tuberculosis (TB) in Brazil, finding high rates of drug-resistant TB and HIV co-infection. Further research is needed to assess TB control effectiveness in children.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Childhood tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge.
  • Understanding the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric TB is crucial for effective control strategies.
  • Brazilian reference hospitals serve as key centers for managing complex pediatric TB cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the epidemiological profile of childhood tuberculosis (TB) in a Brazilian reference hospital.
  • To identify key risk factors and clinical presentations associated with pediatric TB.
  • To assess the prevalence of drug resistance and HIV co-infection in children with TB.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study conducted between 1999 and 2008.
  • Inclusion of 473 children (0-14 years) diagnosed with or treated for TB.
  • Data collection through medical records, monitoring reports, and TB unit notifications.

Main Results:

  • Tuberculin skin test positivity in 52% and history of contact with pulmonary TB in 66% of cases.
  • Disseminated TB observed in 22% of children; HIV co-infection identified in 17% of tested cases.
  • Confirmed TB diagnosis in 31%, more frequent in older children; 33% of tested isolates showed resistance to anti-TB drugs, with 0.8% multi-drug-resistant.

Conclusions:

  • High rates of drug-resistant TB and HIV co-infection necessitate further investigation.
  • Findings underscore the need to evaluate the impact of current TB control activities on pediatric populations.
  • Urgent need for enhanced strategies to combat childhood TB, particularly drug-resistant forms and in co-infected individuals.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis06:26

Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis

Published on: July 28, 2023

Microbiological Rapid On-Site Evaluation for Pulmonary Infectious Diseases03:22

Microbiological Rapid On-Site Evaluation for Pulmonary Infectious Diseases

Published on: March 1, 2024

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Prevalence and Incidence01:08

Prevalence and Incidence

In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health condition at a...