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Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:25

Aromatic Compounds: Overview

In general, the term ‘aromatic’ indicates a pleasant smell or fragrance from fresh flowers, freshly prepared coffee, etc. In the early history of organic chemistry, many benzene derivatives were isolated from the pleasant odor oils of the plants. For example, vanillin was isolated from the oil of vanilla, methyl salicylate from the oil of wintergreen, and cinnamaldehyde from the oil of cinnamon. They all had a pleasant odor; hence the name aromatic was given.
In 1825, Faraday isolated benzene...
Stability of Conjugated Dienes01:28

Stability of Conjugated Dienes

Introduction
A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Nomenclature of Alkynes02:39

Nomenclature of Alkynes

Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of carbon-carbon triple bonds and have a general formula CnH2n-2. The nomenclature of alkynes follows a set of rules similar to alkanes and alkenes; however, alkynes bear the suffix "-yne" instead of "-ane" or "-ene." There are two approaches to naming alkynes:
Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:13

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom, respectively.

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A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
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A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products

Published on: October 4, 2019

Natural sesquiterpenoids.

Braulio M Fraga1

  • 1Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. bmfraga@ipna.csic.es

Natural Product Reports
|August 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details the isolation, structure, synthesis, and transformations of natural sesquiterpenoids. It synthesizes findings from 435 cited references on these complex organic compounds.

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Sesquiterpenoids are a diverse class of natural products derived from isoprene units.
  • These compounds exhibit a wide range of biological activities and structural complexity.
  • Understanding their chemistry is crucial for drug discovery and synthetic biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the literature on natural sesquiterpenoids.
  • To cover key aspects including isolation, structural elucidation, and synthesis.
  • To discuss chemical and microbiological transformations of these compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review methodology.
  • Compilation and synthesis of data from 435 references.
  • Analysis of reported isolation, structural determination, and synthesis techniques.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of isolation strategies for various sesquiterpenoids.
  • Summary of advancements in structural determination techniques.
  • Compilation of synthetic routes and chemical/microbiological transformation pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Natural sesquiterpenoids represent a rich area of chemical and biological research.
  • Significant progress has been made in their synthesis and understanding of their transformations.
  • This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers in the field.