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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Cholera01:25

Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
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Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...

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Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System
06:20

Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System

Published on: April 9, 2018

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) pathogenesis.

Y Nguyen1, Vanessa Sperandio

  • 1Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|August 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 causes severe illness in humans but not cattle. Understanding EHEC's survival in cattle is key to preventing human infections from contaminated food products.

Keywords:
EHECLEEacid resistancecattlecolonization

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Non-Invasive Model of Neuropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection in the Neonatal Rat
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Non-Invasive Model of Neuropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection in the Neonatal Rat

Published on: October 29, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary microbiology
  • Food safety
  • Infectious diseases

Background:

  • Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a major human pathogen causing bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).
  • Conventional antimicrobials can exacerbate EHEC infections by inducing Shiga toxin release.
  • Cattle are a primary reservoir for EHEC, with many outbreaks linked to contaminated bovine products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how EHEC causes disease in humans while remaining asymptomatic in adult ruminants.
  • To analyze the factors enabling EHEC survival and colonization in the bovine gastrointestinal tract.
  • To identify strategies for reducing EHEC shedding in cattle to prevent human infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on EHEC pathogenesis and bovine reservoirs.
  • Analysis of EHEC adaptation mechanisms within the bovine gastrointestinal environment.
  • Discussion of factors contributing to EHEC colonization at the recto-anal junction (RAJ).

Main Results:

  • EHEC O157:H7 exhibits distinct disease dynamics in humans versus asymptomatic carriage in cattle.
  • Specific factors facilitate EHEC survival in the acidic bovine stomach and colonization in the RAJ.
  • Understanding these bovine-specific factors is crucial for intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting EHEC survival mechanisms in cattle offers a promising approach to reduce human exposure.
  • Further research into bovine-specific EHEC factors can lead to novel food safety interventions.
  • Preventing EHEC shedding from cattle is essential for public health protection.