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Oscillatory shear stress created by fluid pulsatility versus flexed specimen configurations
Manuel Salinas1, David E Schmidt, Miguel Libera
1a Tissue Engineered Mechanics, Imaging and Materials (TEMIM) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Florida International University , Miami , FL , USA.
Physiologically relevant oscillatory shear stress (OSS) for heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE) is maximized by applying pulsatile flow to stationary specimens. This simplifies dynamic HVTE protocols by eliminating the need for complex specimen movement.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Regenerative Medicine
- Cardiovascular Engineering
Background:
- Oscillatory shear stress (OSS) is crucial for engineered tissue production by bone marrow-derived stem cells.
- Heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE) requires understanding OSS due to the native valve's intense hemodynamic environment.
- Previous HVTE protocols often involve complex specimen movement to generate time-varying flow.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the role of pulsatility and specimen flexure in creating OSS conditions.
- To identify optimal conditions for generating physiologically relevant OSS in HVTE.
- To simplify dynamic HVTE protocols by reassessing the necessity of specimen movement.
Main Methods:
- Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations were performed on a U-shaped bioreactor model.
- The model incorporated housed specimens subjected to flow, stretch, and flexure.
- Simulations analyzed the impact of physiologically relevant pulsatility and geometric changes.
Main Results:
- Physiologically relevant OSS can be maximized by applying pulsatile flow to straight, non-moving specimens.
- Uniform application of pulsatile flow to stationary specimens is sufficient for generating effective OSS.
- Specimen movement and complex flexure are not essential for achieving maximal OSS in this context.
Conclusions:
- Maximizing OSS for HVTE can be achieved through simpler, static conditions with pulsatile flow.
- This finding significantly reduces complexity in dynamic HVTE protocols.
- Optimized OSS generation through static pulsatile flow supports advancements in heart valve regeneration.
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