Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 19, 2026

A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules
Published on: May 19, 2023
Gray-scale inversion radiographic display for the detection of pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs
Matthew P Lungren1, Eshan Samei, Huiman Barnhart
1Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA. matthew.lungren@duke.edu
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate gray-scale inversion in nodule detection on chest radiography. Simulated nodules were superimposed randomly onto normal chest radiographs. Six radiologists interpreted 144 chest radiographs during three reading sessions: traditional presentation, inverted gray-scale, and a choice session allowing use of traditional and gray-scale inverted views. Sensitivity and specificity were used to assess accuracy based on presence or absence of a nodule. Gray-scale inversion and choice display sessions resulted in significantly higher nodule detection specificity and decreased sensitivity compared to traditional display. Gray-scale inversion may decrease false-positive nodule findings during chest X-ray interpretation.
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