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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...
Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
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Published on: September 11, 2011

Operator-controlled imaging significantly reduces radiation exposure during EVAR.

G Peach1, S Sinha, S A Black

  • 1St George's Vascular Institute, 4th Floor, St James Wing, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, UK. gpeach@doctors.org.uk

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery : the Official Journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery
|August 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Operator-controlled imaging (OCI) significantly reduces radiation exposure during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). This change also decreased screening times, making EVAR safer for patients and interventionalists.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) reduces short-term risks.
  • EVAR procedures can involve significant radiation exposure for patients and staff.
  • Optimizing imaging techniques is crucial for enhancing EVAR safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of transitioning from radiographer-controlled to operator-controlled imaging (OCI) on radiation exposure during EVAR.
  • To assess changes in screening time and contrast dose following the implementation of OCI.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 122 elective EVAR procedures for infra-renal AAA.
  • Data collected included dose area product (DAP), screening time, contrast volume, and operative duration.
  • Comparison of outcomes before and after the implementation of OCI.

Main Results:

  • Median DAP was significantly lower after OCI implementation (4.9 mGy m² vs. 6.9 mGy m²; p = 0.005).
  • Median screening times decreased from 20.0 min to 16.2 min (p = 0.027).
  • No significant difference was observed in median contrast volumes (100 ml vs. 90 ml; p = 0.21).

Conclusions:

  • Operator-controlled imaging significantly reduces radiation exposure during EVAR.
  • OCI implementation leads to shorter screening times.
  • OCI is effective in reducing high-dose radiation cases in EVAR procedures.