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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
06:01

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

[Arterial-ischaemic stroke in childhood].

B Goeggel Simonetti1, M Steinlin, M Arnold

  • 1Universitätsklinik für Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Bern. barbara.goeggel-simonetti@insel.ch

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|August 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Childhood stroke (pediatric arterial-ischaemic stroke) is as common as brain tumors. Diagnosis is delayed due to low suspicion and imaging challenges, impacting outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Vascular Medicine

Context:

  • Childhood stroke incidence is 2-3/100,000 children/year, with equal rates of ischemic and hemorrhagic types.
  • Unlike adults, pediatric arterial-ischaemic stroke (pedAIS) diagnosis is often delayed due to low clinical suspicion and imaging accessibility.
  • pedAIS typically results from a combination of risk factors, including infections, dehydration, trauma, and congenital heart disease.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the incidence and unique characteristics of pediatric arterial-ischaemic stroke (pedAIS).
  • To discuss the challenges in diagnosing pedAIS, including delayed recognition and diagnostic imaging hurdles.
  • To review the current understanding of pedAIS management, emphasizing supportive care and etiological considerations.

Summary:

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Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Neonatal Stroke in P10 Rats
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Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Neonatal Stroke in P10 Rats

Published on: April 21, 2017

Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability
09:11

Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability

Published on: February 23, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
06:01

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Neonatal Stroke in P10 Rats
07:56

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Neonatal Stroke in P10 Rats

Published on: April 21, 2017

Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability
09:11

Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability

Published on: February 23, 2016

  • Pediatric arterial-ischaemic stroke (pedAIS) occurs with an incidence of 2-3/100,000 children annually, differing from adult stroke patterns.
  • Delayed diagnosis in children stems from low suspicion, broad differential diagnoses, and sedation requirements for imaging.
  • Management primarily involves supportive measures, with antithrombotic use dependent on etiology; thrombolysis is under investigation.

Impact:

  • pedAIS significantly impacts children, with two-thirds experiencing persistent neurological and neuropsychological deficits.
  • Improved diagnostic protocols and increased awareness are crucial for timely intervention in pediatric stroke.
  • Further research, including ongoing trials on thrombolysis, is essential to optimize pedAIS treatment and outcomes.