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Updated: May 19, 2026
Modified Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell based Assay for Quantifying Cardiogenic Induction Efficiency
Published on: April 22, 2011
[Expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 in cardiomyocytes differentiated from mouse embryonic stem cells in
Bei Zheng1, Li-min Zhou, Qing-wei Zhao
1Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Objective:
To investigate the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) in cardiomyocytes differentiated from mouse embryonic stem cells (ES cells).
Methods:
ES cells were differentiated into cardiomyocytes with hanging-drop cultures. Retinoic acid (RA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The co-expression of cardiac sarcomeric protein (α-actinin or troponin-T) and mGluR4 were verified by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry analysis. The mRNA and protein expressions of mGluR4 were verified by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Meanwhile, the expression of mGluR4 in prenatal mouse heart was also examined.
Results:
mGluR4 was expressed in both mouse ES cells and ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes. The level of mGluR4 protein expression decreased during the maturation of the cardiomyocytes. The co-expression rate of mGluR4 and Troponin T in the beating embryoid bodies (EBs) was only (3.00 ±1.00)%. On the other hand, mGluR4 gene and protein expressions showed remarkable down-regulation in the development of mouse fetal heart, which was not detected in mouse adult heart.
Conclusion:
The expression of mGluR4 is down-regulated in the cardiomyocyte differentiation of ES cells. The trend of expression is consistent with that in the prenatal mouse heart development.
