Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 19, 2026
10:17
An Advanced Murine Model for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Association with Type 2 Diabetes
Published on: April 26, 2019
Gallbladder malakoplakia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a rare entity
Kim Vaiphei1, Priya Singh, Ganga Ram Verma
1Department of Histopathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. kvaiphei2009@gmail.com
BMJ Case Reports
|August 29, 2012
Summary
Gallbladder malakoplakia is a rare condition in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Distinguishing it from xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is crucial for patient prognosis and management.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- Pathology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Gallbladder malakoplakia is a rare inflammatory condition.
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common comorbidity.
- Accurate diagnosis is essential for patient outcomes.
Observation:
- Gallbladder malakoplakia presents a diagnostic challenge.
- It shares features with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis.
- Potential genetic abnormalities may be involved in malakoplakia.
Findings:
- Differentiating malakoplakia from xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is critical.
- Malakoplakia is considered more aggressive.
- Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a benign condition.
Implications:
- Accurate differentiation impacts postoperative patient management.
- Prognostic significance is key for follow-up strategies.
- Understanding these rare gallbladder conditions improves clinical practice.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
01:30Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management
Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
01:26Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
01:19Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations
Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...