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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...

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Cell-Specific Paired Interrogation of the Mouse Ovarian Epigenome and Transcriptome
12:25

Cell-Specific Paired Interrogation of the Mouse Ovarian Epigenome and Transcriptome

Published on: February 24, 2023

Epigenetic changes associated with oocyte aging.

XingWei Liang1, JunYu Ma, Heide Schatten

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.

Science China. Life Sciences
|August 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Female reproductive outcomes decline due to oocyte aging and advanced maternal age. This review covers epigenetic changes like DNA methylation and histone modifications impacting oocyte quality during aging.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cellular aging

Background:

  • Female reproductive success declines with oocyte aging and advanced maternal age.
  • Oocyte quality is linked to genetic integrity and epigenetic alterations.
  • Epigenetic changes are crucial in age-related decline of reproductive outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epigenetic alterations in oocytes related to aging.
  • To focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications during oocyte aging.
  • To explore epigenetic mechanisms affecting oocyte quality decline.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epigenetic alterations in aging oocytes.
  • Focus on DNA methylation and histone acetylation/methylation.
  • Analysis of epigenetic mechanisms impacting oocyte quality.

Main Results:

  • Oocyte aging and advanced maternal age are associated with significant epigenetic alterations.
  • DNA methylation and histone modifications are key epigenetic changes.
  • These epigenetic changes contribute to compromised oocyte quality.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic alterations, particularly DNA methylation and histone modifications, are central to oocyte aging.
  • Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms is vital for addressing age-related decline in female fertility.
  • Targeting epigenetic pathways may offer future strategies for improving oocyte quality.