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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
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Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Praveen Rao1, Benjamin M Segal

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Multiple Sclerosis Center and Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This chapter details experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induction protocols in animals, serving as a multiple sclerosis model. Methods cover disease induction, clinical scoring, and immune cell analysis for autoimmunity research.

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Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
26:48

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

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Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:55

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: December 1, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Autoimmunity research

Background:

  • Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a key animal model for studying central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases.
  • EAE serves as a prototype for Th1/Th17-driven organ-specific autoimmunity and models human multiple sclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide detailed protocols for inducing EAE in laboratory animals.
  • To outline methods for assessing clinical disease progression and analyzing immune responses in EAE models.

Main Methods:

  • Active immunization and adoptive transfer of polarized T cells for EAE induction.
  • Clinical scoring of disease severity in affected animals.
  • Isolation of mononuclear cells from inflamed spinal cords and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay.

Main Results:

  • Established protocols for reproducible EAE induction.
  • Methods for quantitative assessment of disease and immune cell activity.

Conclusions:

  • The described methods facilitate robust EAE induction and analysis.
  • These protocols support research into Th1/Th17-mediated autoimmunity and multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.