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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

Clostridium difficile: an emerging pathogen in children.

Natalia Khalaf1, Jonathan D Crews, Herbert L DuPont

  • 1Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.

Discovery Medicine
|September 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is increasingly recognized in children, especially those aged 1-5. Understanding pediatric CDI pathogenesis and risk factors is crucial for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile is an emerging enteric pathogen in children, with historically low recognition of clinical infection.
  • While infants often carry C. difficile asymptomatically, recent data show increasing Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) prevalence in pediatric populations.
  • Pediatric CDI pathogenesis and factors influencing toxin-mediated effects in infants are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing importance of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in children.
  • To underscore the need for further research into pediatric CDI pathogenesis.
  • To emphasize the necessity of developing targeted therapeutic and preventative strategies for pediatric CDI.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological surveillance data on pediatric Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).
  • Analysis of existing literature on C. difficile colonization and infection in pediatric populations.
  • Comparison of pediatric and adult risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).

Main Results:

  • Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) prevalence is rising in children, particularly those aged 1-5 years.
  • Traditional adult risk factors like antibiotic use may be less relevant for community-acquired pediatric CDI.
  • Asymptomatic colonization is common in infants, but the reasons for reduced toxin effects are unclear.

Conclusions:

  • Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) represents a significant and growing concern in pediatric healthcare.
  • Further investigation into the unique aspects of pediatric CDI pathogenesis is urgently required.
  • Optimal treatment and prevention strategies for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in children need to be established.