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Related Concept Videos

MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

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PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...

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Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma
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Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Published on: April 12, 2019

Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in osteosarcoma.

Ki Yong Na1, Youn Wha Kim, Yong-Koo Park

  • 1Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.

Pathology
|September 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Aberrant expression of MAPK pathway components, particularly pMEK1/2, is linked to poorer outcomes in osteosarcoma (OS) patients. This suggests a role for these markers in predicting OS prognosis and aggressive behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway is implicated in cancer progression and drug resistance.
  • The MAPK pathway plays a role in the aggressive behavior of osteosarcoma (OS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of MAPK pathway components in OS.
  • To determine if MAPK component expression can predict prognosis in OS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of pan-Ras, Raf-1, pMEK1/2, and pERK1/2 in 61 OS samples.
  • The effect of these markers on event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OVS) was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Expression of Raf-1, pMEK1/2, and pERK1/2 was observed in 59%, 59%, and 49% of OS samples, respectively.
  • Patients with tumors expressing Raf-1, pMEK1/2, or pERK1/2 exhibited poorer clinical outcomes.
  • Positive pMEK1/2 expression correlated with significantly shorter EFS and OVS, independent of other prognostic factors.

Conclusions:

  • Aberrant MAPK pathway component expression may drive aggressive OS behavior.
  • pMEK1/2 expression is a potential prognostic biomarker for decreased EFS and OVS in osteosarcoma.