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Published on: November 23, 2016
Dynamic behavior of plastids related to environmental response
Miyo Terao Morita1, Moritaka Nakamura
1Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan. mimorita@bs.naist.jp
Abstract:
In contrast to the sessile life style of plants, organelles within plant cells exhibit dynamic behavior. Plastid movements largely depend on actin cytoskeleton and are thought to be closely linked to adaptive responses to environmental changes. Advances in live-cell imaging technology combined with molecular genetics have demonstrated the underlying mechanism and the causal relationship between plastid motility and physiological significance in environmental response. Here, recent studies on the regulatory mechanisms of two types of chloroplast movement are reviewed. Studies on regulatory mechanisms of plastid behaviors related to environmental adaptation both in short-term (acute responses) and in long-term (developmental) processes would provide new insight into diversity in role(s) of plastids in a particular cell that do not only involve photosynthesis.
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Transcription
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
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