A pose-independent method for 3D face landmark formalization
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Updated: May 19, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
Published on: September 8, 2023
Enrico Vezzetti1, Sandro Moos, Federica Marcolin
1Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale e della Produzione, Politecnico di Torino, Italy. enrico.vezzetti@polito.it
Abstract:
Recently, 3D landmark extraction has been widely researched and experimented in medical field, for both corrective and aesthetic purposes. Automation of these procedures on three-dimensional face renderings is something desirable for the specialists who work in this field. In this work we propose a new method for accurate landmark localization on facial scans. The method relies on geometrical descriptors, such as curvatures and Shape Index, for computing candidate and initial points, and on a statistical model based on Procrustes Analysis and Principal Component Analysis, which is fitted to candidate points, for extracting the final landmarks. The elaborated method is independent on face pose.
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