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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation
11:21

Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation

Published on: March 13, 2026

Complex and rare fracture patterns in perilunate dislocations.

John G Apostolides, Scott D Lifchez, Michael R Christy

    Hand (New York, N.Y.)
    |September 4, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details rare perilunate fracture dislocations involving non-scaphoid carpal bones. Surgical management via combined volar and dorsal approaches can address these complex wrist injuries.

    Keywords:
    Carpal fractureFracture dislocationGreater arc injuryMayfield classificationPerilunate dislocationTrans-scaphoid

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    Last Updated: May 19, 2026

    Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation
    11:21

    Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation

    Published on: March 13, 2026

    Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel
    08:27

    Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel

    Published on: May 23, 2025

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Hand and Wrist Surgery
    • Trauma Surgery

    Background:

    • The wrist is a complex anatomical region crucial for upper extremity function.
    • Perilunate injuries are classically described by Mayfield's greater or lesser arc classifications.
    • Existing classifications do not fully encompass perilunate injuries with non-scaphoid carpal fractures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present complex perilunate fracture-dislocation patterns.
    • To discuss surgical management strategies for these rare injuries.
    • To highlight the importance of understanding non-scaphoid carpal bone involvement.

    Main Methods:

    • Presentation of three distinct case studies of complex perilunate fracture dislocations.
    • Discussion of surgical management techniques.
    • Analysis of treatment models for intricate wrist injuries.

    Main Results:

    • Detailed description of three rare perilunate fracture dislocation patterns: trans-scaphoid, trans-capitate; trans-scapholunate ligament, trans-capitate; and trans-scaphoid, trans-triquetral.
    • Demonstration of successful surgical reduction and fixation in these complex cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Non-scaphoid carpal bone injuries are rare but significant in perilunate dislocations.
    • A combined volar and dorsal surgical approach is beneficial for perilunate reduction and scaphoid fixation.
    • This approach facilitates management of complex and rare carpal fractures.