Do Dedicated Research Years Matter? Perspectives From Plastic Surgery Program Leadership

Plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) remains highly competitive, with increasing emphasis on research during residency selection. This study evaluates PRS leadership perspectives on dedicated research years.

A web-based survey was distributed to program directors, associate program directors, and department/division chairs of all US integrated PRS programs between January and March 2025. The survey included multiple-choice, Likert-scale, and open-ended items assessing perceptions of research fellowships. Responses were analyzed descriptively and thematically.

The survey elicited 65 total responses (26.2% response rate). Most respondents (49.2%) held a neutral perception of dedicated research years, and 81.5% believed their primary purpose was to strengthen applicants' curricula vitae. Research fellowships were most recommended for international medical graduates (52.3%) and applicants with weaker academic metrics (46.2%). Clinical outcomes research was the most frequently endorsed fellowship type (53.8%), with manuscript publication and first-author papers rated as the strongest indicators of success. Respondents preferred 1-year fellowships (67.7%) and favored completion at nonhome institutions (67.7%). Barriers to pursuing research years included personal finances and lack of funding opportunities. Most respondents (66.2%) recommended a preliminary surgical year over a research year for unmatched applicants.

Overall, PRS leadership generally views research fellowships neutrally, favoring individualized decisions. Ensuring equitable access and thoughtful evaluation of research productivity remains critical as selection evolves.