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Updated: May 19, 2026

Swab Sampling Method for the Detection of Human Norovirus on Surfaces
Published on: February 6, 2017
Multiple clusters of norovirus among shellfish consumers linked to symptomatic oyster harvesters
Lorraine McIntyre1, Eleni Galanis, Kirsten Mattison
1British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. lorraine.mcintyre@bccdc.ca
Abstract:
We describe the investigation of a norovirus outbreak associated with raw oyster consumption affecting 36 people in British Columbia, Canada, in 2010. Several genotypes were found in oysters, including an exact sequence match to clinical samples in regions B and C of the norovirus genome (genogroup I genotype 4). Traceback implicated a single remotely located harvest site probably contaminated by ill shellfish workers during harvesting activities. This outbreak resulted in three recalls, one public advisory, and closure of the harvest site.
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