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NiO nanoparticle-based urea biosensor.

Manisha Tyagi1, Monika Tomar, Vinay Gupta

  • 1Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|September 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) enable efficient urea biosensor fabrication. This NiO-NP-based electrode demonstrates high sensitivity and affinity for urea detection, paving the way for advanced biosensing applications.

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanomaterials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) offer unique electrochemical properties.
  • Urea biosensors are crucial for various diagnostic and environmental applications.
  • Developing sensitive and stable biosensors requires efficient immobilization matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate a novel urea biosensor using NiO nanoparticles as a matrix.
  • To investigate the electrochemical performance of the NiO-NP-based bioelectrode for urea detection.
  • To evaluate the sensitivity, linearity, and affinity of the developed biosensor.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a thin film of NiO nanoparticles on an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate.
  • Immobilization of urease (Ur) enzyme onto the NiO-NP/ITO/glass matrix to create a bioelectrode.

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  • Electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-visible spectroscopy.
  • Analysis of electrochemical current response and kinetic parameters.

    • Main Results:

    • The Ur/NiO-NP/ITO/glass bioelectrode exhibited high sensitivity (21.3 μA/(mM cm²)) for urea detection.
    • A good linearity was observed over a wide urea concentration range (0.83–16.65 mM).
    • The biosensor demonstrated a fast response time of 5 seconds and a low Michaelis-Menten constant (Km = 0.34 mM), indicating high enzyme affinity.

    Conclusions:

    • NiO nanoparticles serve as an effective electrocatalytic matrix for urease immobilization.
    • The developed urea biosensor shows excellent performance characteristics, including high sensitivity and stability.
    • The redox properties of NiO-NPs contribute significantly to the enhanced electrochemical response, making them suitable for biosensor development.