Bipolar charge storage characteristics in copper and cobalt co-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film
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Updated: May 18, 2026

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Published on: September 29, 2020
Amit Kumar1, Tun Seng Herng, Kaiyang Zeng
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576.
Abstract:
The bipolar charge phenomenon in Cu and Co co-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) film samples has been studied using scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques. Those ZnO samples are made using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. It is found that the addition of Cu and Co dopants suppresses the electron density in ZnO and causes a significant change in the work function (Fermi level) value of the ZnO film; this results in the ohmic nature of the contact between the electrode (probe tip) and codoped sample, whereas this contact exhibits a Schottky nature in the undoped and single-element-doped samples. These results are verified by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements. It is also found that the co-doping (Cu and Co) can stabilize the bipolar charge, whereas Cu doping only stabilizes the positive charge in ZnO thin films.
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