Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

Epilepsy ll: Types

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...

Seizures l: Introduction

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Characterizing functional connectivity alterations in functional/ dissociative seizures using resting-state and naturalistic fMRI.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2026

Same author

Subcortical Stimulation for Functional Brain Mapping: A Systematic Review.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2026

Same author

Intraoperative electrocorticography in awake brain surgery: comparing three electrode configurations for detecting stimulus-induced and spontaneous epileptiform activity.

Journal of neurosurgery·2025

Same author

The Role of Modality-specific Brain Regions in Statistical Learning: Insights from Intracranial Neural Entrainment.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2025

Same author

The International League Against Epilepsy's Classification of the Epilepsies Should Incorporate Multilobar Epilepsies.

The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques·2025

Same author

Vagus nerve stimulation in lesional and Non-Lesional Drug-Resistant focal onset epilepsies.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study

Published on: August 15, 2025

Neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy.

Eduard Bercovici¹, Balagobal Santosh Kumar, Seyed M Mirsattari

¹Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Epilepsy Research and Treatment

|September 7, 2012

Summary

Neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy (nTLE) diagnosis is challenging due to symptom overlap with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). Advances in EEG and functional imaging improve seizure focus localization and surgical outcomes for nTLE.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Epileptology
Neuroimaging

Background:

Complex partial seizures (CPSs) present with diverse symptoms, often caused by mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE).
Neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy (nTLE), though less common, is recognized as a distinct entity.
Distinguishing nTLE from mTLE is difficult due to overlapping semiologies and interconnected brain regions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review diagnostic workup for nTLE.
To highlight recent advances in electroencephalography (EEG) and functional brain imaging for nTLE localization.
To discuss the implications for surgical outcomes in nTLE patients.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review focusing on diagnostic techniques for nTLE.
Analysis of recent advancements in EEG and functional neuroimaging (e.g., fMRI, PET).

More Related Videos

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Published on: December 18, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study

Published on: August 15, 2025

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Published on: December 18, 2016

Evaluation of studies reporting surgical outcomes in nTLE.

Main Results:

Improved localization techniques enhance the identification of seizure foci in nTLE.
Recent studies indicate favorable surgical outcomes for nTLE, challenging earlier predictions.
Advances in EEG and functional imaging are crucial for accurate nTLE diagnosis.

Conclusions:

Accurate localization of seizure onset is key for successful surgical intervention in nTLE.
Neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy is an increasingly recognized condition with potential for good surgical outcomes.
Integration of advanced neurophysiological and imaging methods is vital for optimizing nTLE patient management.